【英语中语法,什么叫系动词,及其用法.】在英语语法中,系动词(Linking Verb)是连接主语和表语的动词。它的主要作用是将主语与后面的形容词、名词、介词短语或从句等联系起来,用来描述主语的状态、特征或身份。系动词本身不表示动作,而是起到“桥梁”的作用。
常见的系动词有:be(am, is, are, was, were)、seem、look、feel、sound、taste、smell、become、grow、turn、get、remain、stay、prove 等。
一、系动词的定义
系动词是一种用来连接主语和表语的动词,它不表示具体的动作,而是表示主语的某种状态或特征。
例如:
- She is a teacher.(她是一名老师。)
- The cake smells delicious.(这个蛋糕闻起来很香。)
二、系动词的常见种类
系动词 | 中文意思 | 举例 |
be | 是 | He is happy. |
seem | 看起来 | She seems tired. |
look | 看起来 | He looks strong. |
feel | 感觉 | The fabric feels soft. |
sound | 听起来 | The music sounds beautiful. |
taste | 味道 | This soup tastes salty. |
smell | 闻起来 | The flowers smell sweet. |
become | 变成 | He became a doctor. |
grow | 变得 | She grew taller. |
turn | 变得 | The leaves turned yellow. |
get | 变得 | It's getting dark. |
remain | 保持 | He remained silent. |
stay | 保持 | She stayed calm. |
prove | 证明 | He proved to be right. |
三、系动词的用法
1. 后接形容词
系动词后面常跟形容词作表语,说明主语的性质或状态。
- The weather is nice.
- He feels excited.
2. 后接名词/代词
系动词也可以后接名词或代词,表示主语的身份或角色。
- She is a student.
- They are my friends.
3. 后接介词短语
系动词有时后接介词短语来说明主语的位置或状态。
- The book is on the table.
- He remains in the room.
4. 后接从句
在某些情况下,系动词后可以接一个从句作为表语。
- He seems that he is tired.
- It looks as if it will rain.
四、系动词与实义动词的区别
特征 | 系动词 | 实义动词 |
是否表示动作 | 不表示具体动作 | 表示具体动作 |
后接成分 | 形容词、名词、介词短语等 | 宾语、副词等 |
例子 | She is a teacher. | She teaches English. |
五、总结
系动词在英语中起着非常重要的作用,它帮助我们表达主语的状态、特征或身份。掌握常见的系动词及其用法,有助于更准确地理解和运用英语句子。通过结合形容词、名词、介词短语或从句,系动词能够使语言更加丰富和自然。